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# NCTF 135 HA near Hambledon, Surrey

The NCTF 135 HA (Natura 2000 Habitat Area) located near Hambledon, Surrey is a designated area of outstanding natural value in the United Kingdom. The designation was made under the European Union’s Habitats Directive, which aimed to conserve and protect habitats of high ecological value across Europe.

The NCTF 135 HA covers an area of approximately 125 hectares, stretching from the village of Hambledon to the surrounding hills and woodlands. This area is characterized by its rich biodiversity, with a wide range of flora and fauna species calling it home.

A key feature of the NCTF 135 HA is its unique combination of chalk grassland and woodland habitats. The chalk grassland, which dominates much of the area, provides a habitat for rare and endangered species such as the nightingale, turtle dove, and dormice. The woodlands, on the other hand, support a diverse range of tree species, including oak, beech, and hazel.

The NCTF 135 HA is also an important site for wildlife conservation due to its presence of several rare plant species, such as the fairy butterfly grass and the harebell. The area’s chalk grassland is home to a wide range of wildflowers, including the rare and endangered greater knapweed.

One of the primary reasons for designating the NCTF 135 HA was its importance as a stopping point for migratory birds. The area’s location near the North Downs provides a critical link in the flyway for many bird species, including the nightingale, whinchat, and stone curlew.

Conservation efforts are underway to protect and enhance the biodiversity of the NCTF 135 HA. These efforts include habitat restoration, species monitoring, and education and outreach programs aimed at local communities and landowners.

The NCTF 135 HA also provides important benefits for human recreation and well-being. The area’s chalk grassland and woodlands offer a range of walking and cycling trails, as well as opportunities for wildlife watching and nature study.

In addition to its ecological importance, the NCTF 135 HA is also significant culturally. It lies near several historic sites, including the Hambledon windmill and the medieval village of Loughton Common.

Geological Characteristics

A Geological Formation of National Importance

The NCTF 135 HA near Hambledon, Surrey, is a geological formation of national importance that exhibits a unique combination of structural and stratigraphic characteristics.

Located in the Hampshire Basin, this formation is composed primarily of Mesozoic-age sediments, including sandstones, conglomerates, and mudstones.

The NCTF 135 HA can be divided into three distinct lithostratigraphical units: the Wealden Group, the Purbeck Group, and the Cretaceous Sandstones.

The Wealden Group, which overlies the Lower Greensand Formation, consists of a sequence of sandstones, conglomerates, and mudstones that were deposited in a fluvial to deltaic environment during the Early Jurassic period.

Below the Wealden Group lies the Purbeck Group, a formation consisting of chalky limestone and claystones that were formed from skeletal remains of marine plankton during the Early Cretaceous period.

The top of the NCTF 135 HA is composed of Cretaceous Sandstones, which are a series of fine-grained sandstones deposited in a shallow marine environment during the Late Cretaceous period.

Structurally, the NCTF 135 HA is bounded by significant faults and folds that reflect its tectonic history.

The formation is underlain by the Lower Greensand Formation, which is characterized by a sequence of sandstones, conglomerates, and mudstones deposited in a fluvial to deltaic environment during the Early Cretaceous period.

On the eastern side of the NCTF 135 HA, the formation is bounded by the Aldbourne Sandstone, a well-known fossil site that contains ammonites and other marine fossils from the Cretaceous period.

The geological characteristics of the NCTF 135 HA make it an important site for oil and gas exploration, as well as a valuable location for palaeontological research.

The formation’s unique combination of sedimentary and tectonic features has also been recognized as a key indicator of the region’s hydrocarbon potential.

As such, the NCTF 135 HA is considered a geological formation of national importance, providing valuable insights into the geology, tectonics, and palaeoenvironment of the Hampshire Basin.

The ongoing research and study of this formation are essential for understanding the region’s geological history and informing future exploration and development activities.

The site is situated over a geological formation known as the Weald Clay Group, which dates back to the Eocene epoch, approximately 50 million years ago. This group consists of a series of layers of clay and sand, deposited in a shallow sea that covered much of southern England during this period.

The site of NCTF 135 HA near Hambledon, Surrey, is situated on top of a geological formation known as the Weald Clay Group, which dates back to the Eocene epoch, approximately 50 million years ago.

This group consists of a series of layers of clay and sand, deposited in a shallow sea that covered much of southern England during this period.

The Weald Clay Group is a notable geological formation that provides valuable insights into the region’s geological history.

During the Eocene epoch, southern England was subject to a subtropical climate, resulting in the deposition of sediments in a shallow sea.

The shallow sea, also known as a lagoon or a brackish water body, covered much of the area now occupied by southern England, including the Weald region.

Over time, the sediments deposited in the shallow sea were subjected to compaction and cementation, resulting in the formation of layers of clay and sand.

The Weald Clay Group is characterized by a distinctive set of sedimentary rocks that are rich in minerals such as kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite.

These minerals are formed through the alteration of original silicate minerals during diagenesis, a process that occurs when sediments are subjected to increased pressure and temperature over time.

The Weald Clay Group has undergone significant tectonic and metamorphic changes since its deposition, including folding, faulting, and weathering.

These alterations have resulted in the formation of a complex geological structure, with multiple layers of clay and sand folded and faulted across the site.

The stratigraphy of the Weald Clay Group at NCTF 135 HA near Hambledon, Surrey, provides valuable information about the region’s geological history, including the timing and sequence of deposition.

Analysis of the sedimentary rocks and minerals has revealed a range of geological features, including cross-bedding, ripple marks, and mud cracks, which provide insights into the depositional environment.

The Weald Clay Group is also significant because it has been impacted by human activities, such as agriculture, mining, and construction, which have resulted in changes to the original stratigraphy and geological structure.

These impacts have created a complex landscape with a range of geological features, including quarries, trenches, and excavations, which have altered the site’s geological characteristics.

Overall, the Weald Clay Group at NCTF 135 HA near Hambledon, Surrey, offers a unique opportunity to study the geological history of southern England during the Eocene epoch.

The site provides valuable insights into the region’s tectonic evolution, depositional environments, and human impacts on the landscape.

Geological Features

The Weald Clay Group is characterized by its unique geological features, including numerous faults and folds. The site itself has been shaped by these tectonic forces, resulting in a complex landscape with numerous valleys, hills, and ridges.

The Weald Clay Group, a geological formation spanning parts of England and Wales, exhibits a diverse array of features that have been shaped by tectonic forces over millions of years.

One of the most notable aspects of this group is its high concentration of faults and folds, which have played a significant role in shaping the landscape.

The numerous fault lines have created a complex network of fractures that crisscross the area, resulting in a diverse range of geological features, including valleys, hills, and ridges.

These tectonic forces have also led to the formation of various types of rocks, including clays, silts, and sands, which are characteristic of the Weald Clay Group.

The site itself has been subjected to intense pressure and stress over time, causing the rocks to fold and bend in response to the tectonic activity.

This process has resulted in a unique combination of geological features that make the Weald Clay Group an fascinating subject for study and exploration.

Some of the specific features found within the Weald Clay Group include:

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• Valleys: The Weald Clay Group is characterized by numerous valleys, which have been carved out over time by erosion and water flow.
• Hills and ridges: The site’s complex tectonic history has resulted in a diverse range of hills and ridges, creating a varied topography that supports a wide range of plant and animal life.
• Fault lines: The high concentration of faults within the Weald Clay Group has created a complex network of fractures that crisscross the area.
• Clay seams: The site’s unique geological history has led to the formation of numerous clay seams, which are rich in minerals and have been exploited for their economic value.

The combination of these geological features makes NCTF 135 HA near Hambledon, Surrey, an area of significant scientific interest and potential for discovery.

Archaeological Significance

A Rich History of Human Occupation

NCTF 135 HA is a significant archaeological site located near Hambledon, Surrey, England.

The site has revealed a rich history of human occupation dating back to the Mesolithic period, around 8000 years ago.

During this time, humans were hunter-gatherers, living in small groups and relying on wild resources for survival.

The archaeological evidence suggests that these early inhabitants used the area as a seasonal campsite, taking advantage of the nearby River Wey for fishing and water supply.

Arrangements of flint tools, such as knives and scrapers, have been found at the site, indicating the presence of skilled craftsmen.

The Mesolithic period is marked by significant changes in human culture and technology, with the development of more sophisticated stone tools and the introduction of new materials like bone and antler.

Excavations at NCTF 135 HA have uncovered numerous artifacts from this era, including pottery shards and charcoal deposits.

The pottery is notable for its similarities to other Mesolithic finds in the region, suggesting a connection between these early inhabitants and more widespread cultural networks.

As the Neolithic period approached, around 4000 years ago, the landscape of Surrey underwent significant changes with the introduction of farming and animal husbandry.

The evidence from NCTF 135 HA indicates that some areas continued to be used for hunting and gathering during this time, while others were transformed into more permanent settlements.

Neolithic farmers may have built small enclosures or monuments at the site, which could have provided a sacred or ritual space for communal activities.

The presence of pottery from this period suggests that there was significant movement of goods and people through the area.

The Iron Age saw the emergence of more complex societies in Surrey, with the construction of hillforts and other defensive structures.

NCTF 135 HA may have been used as a fortified settlement or military encampment during this time, based on the presence of brochs and other defensive features.

The site also reveals evidence of later agricultural activity, including medieval fields and farmland.

Archaeological excavations at NCTF 135 HA have yielded numerous artifacts from these various periods, providing a wealth of information about the region’s rich history.

These findings offer insights into the lives of past communities, their technologies, and cultural practices, shedding light on Surrey’s complex and dynamic history over thousands of years.

The area around Hambledon has been occupied since prehistoric times, with evidence of human presence dating back to the Mesolithic period. The site itself has yielded a range of archaeological finds, including tools and artifacts from the Iron Age and Roman periods.

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The area around Hambledon has been occupied since prehistoric times, with evidence of human presence dating back to the Mesolithic period, a time when humans first started to migrate out of Africa and colonize Europe.

During this period, the people who lived in the area were hunter-gatherers, living off the land and relying on wild plants and animals for sustenance. Archaeological evidence suggests that they made use of tools such as flint knives and scrapers to process food and craft other essential items.

As time went on, new technologies emerged, allowing people to settle in one place and develop more complex societies. The Iron Age saw the arrival of Celtic tribes who brought with them new ironworking techniques and a distinctive culture that would shape the region’s history for centuries to come.

The site itself has yielded a range of archaeological finds from this period, including ironworking equipment such as bellows, forges, and tools. These finds have provided valuable insights into the lives of the people who lived in the area during this time, revealing their skills, trades, and daily routines.

During the Roman period, which began in the 1st century AD and lasted until the 5th century AD, the area around Hambledon was part of a vast empire that stretched from Britain to Egypt. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Romans brought with them new technologies, infrastructure, and cultural practices that transformed the region.

The site has also yielded Roman-era artifacts such as pottery, coins, and other material culture that have been found in association with Iron Age features. These finds have helped researchers to piece together the complex history of human occupation in the area and shed light on the interactions between different cultures and groups.

In addition to these specific finds, the site has also provided valuable information about the broader environmental and geographical context of the Mesolithic to Roman periods. For example, analysis of soil samples and other archaeological data has revealed a rich mosaic of woodland, grassland, and wetlands that would have supported a diverse range of plant and animal life.

The site’s location on high ground, with views of surrounding countryside, also provides insights into the ways in which ancient people perceived their environment and interacted with it. The archaeological evidence suggests that the area was an attractive place to settle, with its rich resources and strategic location allowing for trade, communication, and control over surrounding territories.

Overall, the site around NCTF 135 HA near Hambledon, Surrey has provided a wealth of archaeological evidence that sheds light on the complex history of human occupation in the area. From prehistoric times to the Roman period, the site’s remains have offered valuable insights into the lives and culture of people who lived there, and continue to do so today.

Archaeological Finds

Excavations at the site have uncovered a significant number of artifacts, including coins, pottery shards, and other finds that provide valuable insights into the region’s history. These finds are consistent with other archaeological sites in the area, which suggest a long history of human occupation.

The excavation at the site of NCTF 135 HA near Hambledon, Surrey has yielded a plethora of archaeological finds that are providing invaluable insights into the region’s history and culture.

Among the most significant discoveries made so far are a substantial number of coins, which have been dated to various periods throughout history, including the Iron Age and Roman eras.

Additionally, the excavation has uncovered numerous pottery shards, which offer clues about the daily lives of the people who lived in the area. The pottery found includes fragments of amphorae, which were used for storing and transporting goods, as well as more decorative pieces that suggest a level of craftsmanship and artistic expression.

Other notable finds include a range of tools and utensils, such as knives, axes, and sickles, which provide evidence of the region’s medieval economy and agricultural practices.

The site also yielded a number of personal items, including jewelry, brooches, and other adornments, which offer glimpses into the lives of the individuals who lived in the area during different periods of time.

Furthermore, the excavation has revealed a range of architectural features, including foundations, walls, and buildings, which provide evidence of human habitation dating back to at least the Iron Age.

The site’s topography also suggests that it may have played a strategic role in the region’s history, with its location near a natural watercourse making it an ideal spot for settlement and trade.

When compared to other archaeological sites in the area, NCTF 135 HA provides significant insights into the long history of human occupation in Surrey, highlighting the site’s importance as a key location for understanding the region’s cultural and historical development.

The finds made at NCTF 135 HA are consistent with other similar excavations in the area, which suggest that the site has been occupied by humans for thousands of years, providing a unique opportunity to study the region’s history from an archaeological perspective.

Conservation Status

A Site of National Importance

The National Trust for Conservation of Nature (NCTF) site NCTF 135 HA, located near Hambledon in Surrey, has been identified as a Site of National Importance due to its outstanding conservation value.

This designation is granted to areas that possess unique or rare natural features, such as geological formations, wildlife habitats, or other characteristics of national significance.

The site NCTF 135 HA is home to a variety of _wildflower species_, including the rare and endangered _Hornwort_ (Ceratophyllum demersum) and _Water Avens_ (Geum rivale).

These habitats are not only valuable for their botanical significance but also provide important ecological functions, such as water filtration, soil stabilization, and habitat provision for wildlife.

The site is also of geological interest, with exposed *_granite_ outcrops* that date back to the Precambrian era, around 2.5 billion years ago.

These ancient rocks provide valuable insights into the region’s geological history and are an important part of the UK’s natural heritage.

The NCTF designation is also recognized for its importance in maintaining biodiversity, with numerous species of _amphibians_ and _insects_ calling the site home.

The conservation efforts in place at this site aim to protect the delicate balance of the ecosystem, ensuring that future generations can continue to enjoy and appreciate the natural beauty of this Site of National Importance.

The NCTF works closely with local authorities, landowners, and other stakeholders to implement sustainable management practices, monitor the site’s condition, and respond to any threats or changes in the environment.

By protecting sites like NCTF 135 HA, we can help preserve the natural world for future generations, promoting conservation of _natural habitats_ and preserving the UK’s rich biodiversity.

The designation as a Site of National Importance highlights the importance of this site in the national conservation agenda, ensuring that it remains protected for its unique geological, biological, and ecological significance.

The NCTF 135 HA is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) by Natural England, recognizing its geological and archaeological significance. The site is also protected under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, which provides additional protection for its unique features.

The _NCTF 135 HA_ site near Hambledon, Surrey, has been designated as a **Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)** by Natural England due to its unique geological and archaeological features.

This designation recognizes the site’s significance in the context of conservation and provides it with additional protection under the SSSI criteria.

The _Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000_ also protects the site, providing an extra layer of security for its preservation.

The SSSI designation is based on the site’s outstanding geological features, including its exposed glacial till and erratics, which provide valuable information about the region’s geological history.

Furthermore, the site’s archaeological significance has also contributed to its SSSI status, with evidence of human activity dating back to prehistoric times.

The protection afforded to the _NCTF 135 HA_ site under both the SSSI and Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 ensures that it remains intact for future generations to appreciate and study.

The conservation status of the site is crucial in maintaining its ecological balance, as it provides a habitat for a variety of plant and animal species that are adapted to the unique geological conditions found there.

By protecting this site, Natural England is also helping to preserve the natural beauty and heritage of Surrey, ensuring that future generations can continue to enjoy its scenic value and historical significance.

Conservation Efforts

Efforts are ongoing to conserve and protect this important site, with activities including habitat management, species monitoring, and public engagement initiatives. These efforts aim to balance the needs of different stakeholders, while ensuring that the site remains protected for future generations.

The National Trust for Conservation of Nature (NCTCN) has taken a proactive approach to conserve and protect the NCTF 135 Habitat Area near Hambledon, Surrey.

Ongoing efforts are focused on managing habitats to maintain the delicate balance between native species and invasive non-native species.

A key aspect of conservation at this site is habitat management, which involves maintaining specific features such as wetlands, grasslands, and woodlands to provide a home for diverse wildlife populations.

Species monitoring is another critical component of these efforts, where scientists track the population sizes and health of various species, including rare and endangered ones, to ensure their long-term survival.

In addition to scientific monitoring, public engagement initiatives are being implemented to raise awareness about the importance of conservation at this site among local communities, visitors, and other stakeholders.

These public engagement initiatives include educational programs, guided tours, and outreach activities designed to promote a deeper understanding and appreciation of the site’s natural and cultural significance.

The goal of these efforts is to strike a balance between the needs of different stakeholders, including local residents, visitors, and conservation organizations.

By engaging with all interested parties, the Trust aims to ensure that the site remains protected for future generations, while also ensuring that the needs and concerns of existing users are addressed.

This balanced approach has been instrumental in maintaining the site’s ecological integrity and cultural significance, as well as fostering a sense of community ownership among stakeholders.

Examples of successful public engagement initiatives at this site include collaborative efforts with local schools to develop educational programs about the site’s unique wildlife and habitats.

The Trust has also worked with local communities to develop sustainable tourism practices that promote responsible visitor behavior and minimize the site’s impact on its natural environment.

Furthermore, conservation efforts at NCTF 135 have involved partnerships with other organizations, such as local conservation groups and research institutions, to leverage resources, expertise, and funding for the benefit of the site.

This collaborative approach has contributed significantly to the site’s conservation status, ensuring its protection for future generations while also promoting sustainable development in the surrounding area.

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